(Radio Iowa) – Iowa State University researchers say a sugar molecule they’ve found in the mammary glands of cattle is the so-called receptor that transmits highly pathogenic avian influenza. Professor Todd Bell, in I-S-U’s veterinary pathology lab, says their study could lead to measures that prevent the spread of bird flu, which has infected more than a dozen large herds of dairy cattle in northwest Iowa in recent weeks. “Our team across the street in the vet diagnostic lab kind of figured out the ‘what’ which is we have influenza in the mammary tissue of dairy cattle,” Bell says, “and now here in pathology, we’re trying to understand the ‘why’ and look at mammary tissue to understand why this virus is getting in.”

Researchers in Ames are working under the hypothesis that milking machines may be involved in spreading the virus from cow to cow.  “There’s multiple different routes that influenza can infect different species, but we want to look at that as a potential route,” Bell says. “What we’re trying to do is not only understand maybe how externally the virus is getting to the mammary gland, but more specifically, we’re trying to understand how and why this virus can infect mammary tissue, which prior to this, had been unreported in mammary glands of cattle.”

If they can track the transmission of the virus to milking machines, Bell notes one possible solution to stop the spread is quite elementary. “If a virus is present on milking machines and then is getting into mammary tissue as you attach those milking machines,” Bell says, “one way to potentially stop that would be to disinfect or clean those milking machines prior to milking.” Milk sold in grocery stores and by other retailers is pasteurized, and the F-D-A and dairy industry are stressing that there’s no threat to the milk supply because the pasteurization process neutralizes viruses. Bell agrees. “Everything that we’ve seen so far from a research perspective does say that,” Bell says, “that pasteurized milk is very safe, that heating to that extent renders the virus inactive.”

Bird flu isn’t usually deadly for cows, but it’s often fatal for birds. Since the start of the outbreak, the U-S-D-A says more than 97-million birds have been affected, while commercial poultry flocks where the virus is found are typically euthanized. The study was published in the July edition of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s peer-reviewed journal. Thirteen of its 14 co-authors are from I-S-U, including researchers and faculty from across the College of Veterinary Medicine.

(Radio Iowa) – The Iowa Natural Resources Commission gave final approval Thursday to antlerless deer quotas that include a drop in the number of does that can be taken in western Iowa. The D-N-R held hearings on the issue and commissioner K.R. Buck of Denison says there was support for the cutback at the hearing he attended. “I think there was 35 or 36 at our meeting. I think if everybody was asked to raise their hand they were willing to give up a doe season through the paid season and archery for two years,” he says. “They see the devastation that our deer population has taken in western Iowa.”

Buck says the lack of deer in the area is concerning. “Our deer population last two years has been wiped out. I mean it’s amazing,” Buck says. The D-N-R’s Tyler Harms oversees the state deer populations and told the commission one of the reasons for the big drop in western Iowa’s deer herd is overhunting. “It’s very obvious that overharvest over an extended period of time from really the mid 2000s to the early 2010s contributed to the population decline,” he says. Harms says disease outbreaks in the deer herd are also an issue. -H-D outbreaks in western Iowa starting in 2012,” Harms says. “Since then there’s been at least five severe outbreaks statewide, which certainly hasn’t helped the situation over in that part of the state.”

The antlerless deer licenses will be cut from 200 to 0 in Cass County, from 250 to 0 in Harrison, Monona, and Pottawattamie counties, from 150 to 0 in Page County, from 200 to 150 in Montgomery County. Some western Iowa counties, including Woodbury and Worth, already had no antlerless deer tags available.

The D-N-R has some new meetings about deer management underway now which they say will help shape how they manage the deer population in western Iowa through the next five years.

DES MOINES, Iowa — Late-night TV icons with Iowa ties will be immortalized in butter at next month’s Iowa State Fair. Johnny Carson, who was born in Corning, and Des Moines native Steve Higgins will be in the Agriculture Building’s cooler next to the wildly popular butter cow and another special guest — “The Tonight Show” host Jimmy Fallon. State Fair butter sculptor Sarah Pratt and her team will also make a butter version of the sky glider to celebrate its 50th year.

Fallon, known for his on-air impressions, will get his own impression in butter at the 2024 Iowa State Fair. Fallon will be sculpted alongside the Tonight Show’s announcer, producer and Des Moines, Iowa, native Steve Higgins in celebration of 10 years with Jimmy Fallon as the host of the show.

Another Iowa native will also be featured in butter – longtime Tonight Show host Johnny Carson. Johnny Carson lived in Corning, Avoca and Red Oak as a child. Carson took over the Tonight Show in 1962 for a run that lasted three decades.

The butter cow, along with butter versions of Higgins, Carson and Fallon, will be featured alongside an iconic sky glider chair as the main Sky Glider celebrates 50 years in 2024. All of the sculptures will be on display in the John Deere Agriculture Building 9 a.m. to 8 p.m., during the Fair, August 8-18.

The butter cow has been an annual attraction at the State Fair since 1911. Sarah Pratt of West Des Moines was named the fair’s fifth butter sculptor in 2006 after 15 years as an apprentice to Duffy Lyon. Companion sculptures of the butter cow have been a tradition since at least 1996 when Grant Wood’s famous “American Gothic” painting was immortalized. Last year’s fair featured iconic Iowa athletes Jack Trice, Kurt Warner and Caitlin Clark.

The 2024 Iowa State Fair annual parade kicks things off Aug. 7 in downtown Des Moines.